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# Indian Journal of Mass Communication and Journalism (IJMCJ): The IJMCJ publishes peer-reviewed original articles on various topics in Mass Communication and Journalism.

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## Downloads
- [Volume-5 Issue-4, June 2026](https://www.ijmcj.latticescipub.com/download/volume-5-issue-4/): Editor-In-Chief
- [Volume-5 Issue-3, March 2026](https://www.ijmcj.latticescipub.com/download/volume-5-issue-3/): Volume-15 Issue-4, April 2026
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- [Volume-2 Issue-1, September 2022](https://www.ijmcj.latticescipub.com/download/volume-2-issue-1/): Editor-In-Chief
- [Volume-1 Issue-4, June 2022](https://www.ijmcj.latticescipub.com/download/volume-1-issue-4/): Editor-In-Chief
- [Volume-1 Issue-3, March 2022](https://www.ijmcj.latticescipub.com/download/volume-1-issue-3/): Editor-In-Chief
- [Volume-1 Issue-1, September 2021](https://www.ijmcj.latticescipub.com/download/volume-1-issue-1/): Editor-In-Chief

## Portfolio Items
- [D117905040626](https://www.ijmcj.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/d117905040626/): The paper aims to understand how memes can create engaging narratives over mainstream media. Memes are playing a major role in the social media strategies of political movements, businesses and sportspeople. While memes may not be considered a viable source of factual information, they can humorously present ideas to an increasingly distracted generation. Thematic (identifying patterns) and semiotic (memes being the sign) analysis are often used to derive meaning. In this paper, the main focus will be on thematic analysis. For the study, eleven memes on various political issues were identified and included in a survey with open-ended questions. The results found varying answers on the different issues, but memes related to taxation policy and national defence (Operation Sindoor) were the most easily identifiable.
- [D117505040626](https://www.ijmcj.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/d117505040626/): This article examines the impact of the 2013 Media Authority Act in South Sudan and its relationship to press freedom and freedom of expression, which are enshrined in international instruments such as the European Convention on Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. However, the principle is not practised equally by all states. The Media Authority Act, established in South Sudan to regulate the media and ensure media freedom, is marred by many issues, making it ineffective, including censorship of the media, harassment and intimidation of journalists, arrest without cause, and impunity for those who violate the rights of media professionals. Ongoing political instability and unrest in the country have silenced public debate. The study focuses on the impact of the Media Authority Act on media freedom in South Sudan. It proposes solutions to improve the situation, i.e., a critical analysis of the Act and the views of different stakeholders on how the law can be made to comply with the human rights norms of other countries and to address wider socio-political issues that inhibit the full realisation of freedom of the press in South Sudan. The study contributes to discussions on the media’s place in democratic governance and the observance of human rights in South Sudan. It offers policy prescriptions to strengthen the legal framework for press freedom, develop a free press, and strengthen the fundamentals of democracy in South Sudan. Lastly, the study emphasises the need to address broader socio-political issues that hinder the full freedom of the press in South Sudan.
- [D117405040626](https://www.ijmcj.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/d117405040626/): With the increased accessibility of smartphones and high-speed 4G and 5G internet networks in almost all places in India, the content consumption has seen massive progress, and so is the concept of binge-watching content at one’s suitable time and place, without any disturbance from frequent ads. This has led to increased demand for various content genres, with the audience producing and consuming content alike. A significant change is observed in the depiction of female actresses, with strong, progressive, and intricate storylines that have received critical acclaim from women audiences and are acting as a counterincentive to leave a positive impact on society in general. This study has opted for a qualitative discourse analysis of the two Netflix series, and it has been found that, although Bollywood has done a commendable job of showcasing the nuances of each character, it has still failed to create something completely free of gender bias and stereotypes. With the expansion of digital spaces (the pandemic acting as a catalyst as the whole world came to a standstill), creative freedom was made available to women, thereby increasing the scope of experimentation with women’s roles. This led to empowerment in the roles assigned to women. For this study, two web series have been selected for analysis of their female characters. While one has shown compelling, layered narratives, the other has depicted something called “controlled representation,” in which typical gender norms were needled between the agency and resilience of the female characters. There is not an iota of doubt that the women protagonists play strong, progressive roles. However, it is still in an evolving stage, as there is still a long way to go toward full inclusivity in women’s representation, free of gender stereotypes.
- [D117305040626](https://www.ijmcj.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/d117305040626/): Tanzania has conducted seven general elections since the reintroduction of multiparty politics in 1992, the first in 1995 and the last in 2025, held every five years as provided in the 1997 constitution. The 2025 general elections witnessed unprecedented large-scale protests. These events marked a sharp departure from Tanzania’s long-held image as one of the most politically stable and peaceful countries in Africa. Popularly referred to as MO29 (Maandamano ya Oktoba 29/ October 29th protests), the events were not coincidences but manifestations of previously unresolved electoral political issues. Since the reintroduction of multiparty politics in Tanzania, each election has been reported to fall short of being a ‘free, fair and competitive’ process. This study, using a mixed methods design, applies a framing analysis of headlines in three leading national newspapers, Habari Leo, Mwananchi, and Nipashe, to examine how electoral narratives in the 2020 General Elections news hinted at political realities facing Tanzania. The study advancestwo central arguments: first, that the unrest during the 2025 general elections was closely connected to previously unresolved election grievances and, second, that political polarisation in Tanzania has intensified to its highest level since the reintroduction of multiparty politics and is on the rise. The 2020 General Elections news reported expressions of electoral grievances from especially opposition political parties, with headlines filled with polarising discourses. This news framing explains the subsequent realities of Tanzania’s electoral politics witnessed during the 2025 general elections. The analysed headlines defined Tanzanian society as politically polarised, a reality that Tanzania must reckon with to survive future electionrelated complications.
- [D117205040626](https://www.ijmcj.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/d117205040626/): In this digital era, digital marketing and information systems can prove to be a vital tool in driving sustainable behaviour among consumers. This research paper aims to explore how sustainable branding in the digital era is very important in shaping and influencing consumers. With an ample number of brands growing and flourishing each day, the market scenario has become grim in the context of environmental concerns. The research work has employed a quantitative approach utilising the survey method. A questionnaire was administered to 106 respondents. The findings of this research work focus on the need for authenticity, social responsibility and transparency. This study also contributes to understanding strategies that are practical for brands to adopt in the highly competitive digital marketplace while embracing sustainable development. The findings also reveal how an organisation, through strategic planning and digital marketing, with the support of vast information systems and huge social networks, can embrace sustainable communication. With the help of digital marketing, information systems organisations can communicate sustainability very efficiently by incorporating engaging content, using social media platforms, and investing in digital marketing tools. Furthermore, researchers can incorporate these findings to study the broader impact of robust information systems on the intricate relationship that lies between sustainable consumer behaviour and digital marketing.
- [C117105030326](https://www.ijmcj.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/c117105030326/): The phenomenal growth of social media has given birth to an entirely new form of marketing communication, one where everyday individual with large online followings wields considerable power over the purchase decisions of their audiences. This study examines the impact of social media influencer marketing on the impulse buying behaviour of online consumers in the Indian digital marketplace. Using a structured questionnaire administered to 110 active social media users who engage with influencer content, the research employs percentage analysis, chi-square tests, and Spearman’s correlation to analyse the data. The findings indicate that influencer credibility, content relatability, frequency of sponsored posts, and the perceived authenticity of endorsements are the primary drivers of unplanned purchase decisions among digital consumers. The study reveals that a substantial proportion of respondents have made impulsive online purchases within minutes or hours of viewing influencer content, particularly short-form video endorsements on Instagram Reels and YouTube Shorts. The chisquare analysis establishes a statistically significant association between the type of influencer followed and the frequency of impulse purchases. In contrast, the correlation analysis confirms a strong positive relationship between influencer trust and unplanned buying behaviour. The research concludes that, when executed with authenticity and strategic intent, influencer marketing is a powerful catalyst for impulse purchases in the digital consumer landscape. Recommendations are offered to brands, content creators, and platform administrators for designing ethical and effective influencer-led campaigns.
- [C116905030326](https://www.ijmcj.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/c116905030326/): The conflict of law arising out of the case of Umar Khalid v. State (NCT of Delhi), booked under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967, is a unique case where the principles of state security, free speech and expression, preventive detention, and the right to liberty clash with each other and presents us with an opportunity to clarify the laws dealing with terrorism. Instead of examining the guilt or innocence of Dr Umar Khalid, this paper analyses the legal framework governing extended pre-trial incarceration under special statutes such as the UAPA, especially Section 43D (5), and how it deviates from general bail jurisprudence. The study traces the trajectory of “prima facie true” standards through the ruling in NIA v. Zahoor Ahmad Shah Watali. It examines how this threshold undermines the presumption of innocence at the bail stage. By examining the Umar Khalid case, the paper interrogates whether indefinite incarceration without trial commencement remains acceptable under the Indian Constitution. art. 21, and if yes, then to what extent, especially when the delay is systemic instead of attributable. Comparison with analogous laws of the U.K., U.S., and Canada is drawn to demonstrate that, while preventive detention is recognised and accepted internationally as a counterterrorism measure, it is typically accompanied by strict temporal and procedural limitations, continuous judicial review, and enforceable safeguards against arbitrariness, if any. This paper illustrates the challenging task of harmonising legislative precaution with constitutional liberty and preventive measures with procedural fairness, as the legitimacy of a national security law depends not only on its potential to prevent terror or harm but also on its ability to operate within a framework that ensures liberty is not compromised indefinitely.
- [C116605030326](https://www.ijmcj.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/c116605030326/): The accelerated pace of the emergence of the new generation computing models, such as “quantum computing, bioinspired computing, and neuromorphic computing,” is radically transforming the underlying technology for contemporary media systems. The growing reliance of journalism on advanced computational intelligence in news gathering, content generation, audience analytics, and fact-checking raises unprecedented ethical questions about established traditions and values. This paper investigates how quantum-enabled data processing, bioinspired algorithmic decision-making processes, and neuronalinspired neuromorphic systems are reconfiguring the established ethics in journalism, including accuracy, accountably, transparency, autonomy, privacy, and editorial responsibility. Quantum Computing: With enhanced data analysis capabilities and breakthroughs in cryptography, there arise challenges regarding the confidentiality of information sources, surveillance, and imbalances in information power. Bio-inspired Computing: These systems, based on evolutionary and collective phenomena in living organisms, affect content curation, virality, and audience engagement, thereby altering journalistic gatekeeping and perpetuating problems associated with potential algorithmic biases and information manipulation. Neuromorphic Computing: These computer systems, which model the workings of the human brain, have further blurred the distinction between human judgment and autonomous operation, raising concerns about moral agency, empathy, and accountability in automated journalism. By integrating insights from media ethics, communication theory, and computational intelligence, this article advances an expanded ethical frame for journalism in the cognitive machine era. The paper argues that traditional normative models are ill-suited to address the ethical challenges posed by nonlinear, adaptive, and probabilistic computing systems. It concludes by emphasising the need for interdisciplinary ethical governance, human-centric design principles, and regulatory foresight to protect public trust, democratic values, and journalistic integrity in next-generation media ecosystems.
- [C116405030326](https://www.ijmcj.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/c116405030326/): Printing began around 3000 BCE, with the protoElamite and Sumerian civilisations using cylinder seals to authenticate clay tablets. The seal blocks followed them, hammered coins, pottery imprints, and fabric printing. In the 13th century, metal type characters were developed in China, Japan, and Korea. These printing systems provided the basis for advanced techniques. Johannes Gutenberg invented the Gutenberg printing press, which enabled faster, more efficient book production. The Gutenberg printing press enabled the mass production of printed materials. The offset press for metal printing was created by Robert Barclay in 1875. In 1904, Ira Washington Rubel applied the technology to paper, which relied on a basic chemical reaction that separates oil and water. The evolution of printing technology in books reached its peak with digitalisation, making the 21st century a significant period. In this context, the present research aims to examine the digital revolution in books from the 20th century to the 21st century. Its impact and implications on eBook readers in Bengaluru are also considered. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Using the quantitative research method, a structured questionnaire was administered to 256 eBook readers in Bengaluru. Under the qualitative approach, a content analysis has been undertaken to examine the printing revolution from antiquity to the modern era. The study considers various news articles, research papers and books for the content analysis. As a developing country for 75 years, India has ambitious plans to become a developed country by 2047. So, knowing the status of e-books and their impact on readers is vital.
- [B115905021225](https://www.ijmcj.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b115905021225/): This study examined the operational challenges faced by print media in Tanzania, with a focus on the Mwananchi and Habari Leo newspapers. The theories of Technological Determinism and Gatekeeping guided it. The study employed a qualitative, case-study design; data were collected through interviews with 29 media professionals, two focus groups, and 70 questionnaires completed by media staff, vendors, readers, and industry experts. The data were thematically analyzed, and the results identified five significant challenges facing print media operation in Tanzania, including: declining journalism quality due to staff layoffs and rushed stories; digital disruption leading to changing consumer behaviour from print to digital; financial constraints caused by decreased circulation, sales, and advertising revenue; an unfriendly media legal framework; and political and business pressures. The study recommends adopting digital technology to improve journalistic standards, increase flexibility, and attract digital consumers. It also advocates for a comprehensive policy review to promote a free, competitive, and sustainable media sector. Specifically, it urges the government to revise restrictive media laws to support the survival, independence, and growth of Tanzania’s print media, striking a balance between technological advancements and robust protections for press freedom while maintaining the quality and standards of published news and information.
- [B115705021225](https://www.ijmcj.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b115705021225/): The 21st century has ushered in technological advancements, with drones used for news gathering by television stations worldwide. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge and use of drone technology for news gathering among television stations in Abuja, Nigeria. The study used an interview method, in which 10 journalists from NTA NEWS24 and AIT stations were interviewed to obtain results. The study was anchored in the Technology Acceptance Model, which showed the usefulness of gathering information from dangerous scenes using drones and the ease of remotely piloting the aircraft from a safe location to cover certain events without being harmed. Findings from the interview revealed that the camera operators at both television stations were the most knowledgeable among newsroom journalists in using drones, as they were adequately trained. Findings also showed that newsworthy events that used drones for coverage included natural disasters such as floods, sporting events, and protests. The study concluded that NTA NEWS24 and AIT stations have fully incorporated drones into their news gathering. Therefore, it was recommended that television stations should go beyond training only camera operators to utilise drones and also train reporters, in line with television stations worldwide.
- [A121005010925](https://www.ijmcj.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/a121005010925/): This paper critically examines the gendered dynamics of the nursing profession in India, focusing on the systemic under-representation of male nurses. Despite India’s acute shortage of healthcare workers—exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic—the nursing sector remains overwhelmingly feminised. This study interrogates the historical, sociocultural, and institutional factors that perpetuate the stigmatisation of male nurses, situating the analysis within feminist scholarship and labour market theories. Through a review of historical narratives, the paper traces how colonial and post-colonial discourses framed nursing as a “feminine” vocation, rooted in patriarchal norms and caste-based hierarchies. The analysis reveals how gendered stereotypes reinforced by media, policy, and societal expectations discourage male participation, despite the profession’s critical role in public health. Institutional barriers, such as gender-based quotas and wage disparities, further entrench these inequalities, while cultural perceptions associate nursing with failure or demasculinisation. The study also explores the lived experiences of male nurses, highlighting their struggles with stigma, workplace discrimination, and societal pressure to conform to hegemonic masculinity. By synthesising theoretical insights with empirical observations, this paper advocates for a reimagined understanding of care work, one that dismantles gendered hierarchies and promotes equitable participation.
- [B115405021225](https://www.ijmcj.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b115405021225/): Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been touted as instrumental in addressing misunderstandings within organisations and as a key tool for building relationships. Various businesses invest more resources in CSR programmes for economic gain, including Kagera Sugar Limited (KSL). Precisely, this paper explored sugarcane growers’ perceptions of KSL’s CSR activities, with a specific focus on Missenyi district. The study was grounded in Stakeholder and Social Capital Theories, and its findings aligned with the theories, especially in clarifying the company’s responsibility to return something to the community it serves. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach to data collection, using surveys, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews. This resulted in a combination of qualitative and quantitative data from sugarcane growers across four Missenyi wards: Kassambya, Kyaka, Nsunga, and Mutukula. Also, the study used the same approach to collect data from 21 AMCOS members and 5 top management members. The findings revealed that although the company (KSL) has helped improve the economic and social lives of people in surrounding communities, it has failed to address environmental issues in the area fairly. Again, the other findings indicated that the inconsistency in ecological matters in Nsunga ward differed from what has been done in different places, where feedback was positive. This gap undermines the efforts CSR’s goodwill and trust are meant to foster in the community. However, many communities are pointing fingers at companies, urging them to rethink their business growth while truly addressing social, economic, and environmental sustainability strategies for the benefit of stakeholders. Therefore, the study concludes that the needs and interests of all stakeholders were not well considered. Thus, if KSL wants to gain stakeholders’ goodwill and trust, it needs to make its CSR activities clear.
- [B115505021225](https://www.ijmcj.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b115505021225/): The study explored audience satisfaction with Radio Maria Tanzania’s broadcasts in Dar es Salaam, focusing on four types of satisfaction: content, process, technological, and social. The research was conducted to assess how effectively the station’s religious radio broadcasts meet audience needs. Uses and Gratifications Theory guides this assessment to determine whether these broadcasts fulfil the audience’s needs. The study aims to identify areas where audience expectations are not met, thereby filling gaps to improve radio performance and relevance. Although Radio Maria Tanzania emphasises its role of serving its audience, it was unclear to what extent its programs meet its audience’s needs. The study used a quantitative research design and collected data using a questionnaire distributed among radio audiences. Both probability (cluster) and non-probability (convenience and purposive) sampling techniques were used to select the study sample. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics to determine the audience’s levels of satisfaction. The study found that 48.5% of the audience was satisfied with the content of the radio broadcasts, 33.4% were dissatisfied, and 18.1% were neutral. Content satisfaction was reflected in the perceived quality, relevance, and spiritual value of programs; on process satisfaction, findings revealed that 44.9% were satisfied, 33.1% dissatisfied and 22% were neutral with the ease of access and participation; technological satisfaction which is confined within the availability of clear signal and ease access of the channel showed that 44% were satisfied, 41.5% dissatisfied and 14.5% were neutral. Social satisfaction, as measured by opportunities for interaction through call-ins and shared testimonies, indicated that 40.1% were satisfied, 37.6% were dissatisfied, and 22.3% were neutral. Therefore, the study concludes that, among the four types of satisfaction studied, there is an interrelationship among them, and all contribute to the audience’s expectations for spiritual satisfaction from Radio Maria Tanzania. The study recommends that religious radio integrate spiritually enriching content with accessible, interactive, and reliable delivery systems to enhance overall audience satisfaction. There is room for improvement in the technological experience to address issues of usability, signal quality, and digital reliability, which could help bridge the gap between satisfied and dissatisfied listeners. The study recommended that Radio Maria Tanzania revise and double-check its programs to assess the extent to which each program covers the audience’s needs. To improve satisfaction, the station could diversify programming, increase interactivity, and introduce youth-focused segments. To meet the audience’s needs and expectations, the radio station should capitalise on audience inclusion and involvement in the programs, and RMT should invest in seeking audience feedback to drive improvement.
- [B115305021225](https://www.ijmcj.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b115305021225/): The crux of the Freedom of Information Act, enacted in Nigeria in 2011, is to promote transparency and openness in governance by granting citizens, including journalists, open access to public information and records. Journalists are required to utilise the Act to perform their duties. But a significant observation since the enactment of the Act in Nigeria is the vagueness of its values among Nigerians, including media men, which raises questions about the Act’s potency. Hence, this study assessed the knowledge, use, and challenges associated with the Freedom of Information Act among journalists in North-Central Nigeria, specifically in Benue, Nasarawa, and Plateau States. Guided by the libertarian theory of the press, the study employed a mixed-method approach, combining survey and in-depth interviews to gather data. The Findings of the study revealed that a good number of journalists across the three states under study are aware of the FOI Act and reasonably understand its provisions. Still, there is a generally low utilisation of the Act among them. It was also discovered that the majority of the journalists have never used the Act or invoked any of its provisions to seek information from a public institution. The low utilisation of the Act is attributed to difficulties in the application process, hectic bureaucratic and legal processes, safety concerns, and selfcensorship by some journalists. In conclusion, based on the study’s outcomes, the gap between the Act’s awareness and knowledge and its practical utilisation has affected the potency and effectiveness of the Act in Nigeria.
- [B114805021225](https://www.ijmcj.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b114805021225/): Digital news consumption in India is growing rapidly, making the country one of the world’s largest online news markets. This research critically examines evolving patterns of digital news consumption in India, exploring how Indian audiences are adapting to the digital news environment, why these shifts are significant for the sustainability of journalism, and how India’s experience aligns with or diverges from global trends. The study employs a qualitative content analysis methodology, systematically interpreting secondary data derived from two recent, comprehensive survey-based reports on digital news: the ‘Monetizing Digital News: Digital News Publishing in India (2024)’ and the ‘Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2025’. Thematic coding and cross-comparative analysis reveal core behavioural trends among Indian audiences. These include a significant shift toward mobile-first engagement, substantial platform fragmentation, widespread adoption of short-form text and video formats, and continued trust in legacy media institutions. The study employs an analytical framework to gain a deeper understanding of both structural and behavioural changes. It organises findings by factors such as platform dependency, engagement formats, trust and credibility, consumption diversification, and how the industry generates revenue. When compared with global data, the research shows that Indian audiences are similar to international trends in their use of shortform content and influencer-driven consumption. However, they trust traditional media houses more than digital news aggregators. Focusing on India’s rapidly evolving digital news landscape, this study fills crucial knowledge gaps by examining how the large demographic scale, swift technological adoption, and convergence between traditional and new media platforms impact the sector. It highlights how audience behaviour and industry challenges influence trends in trust, platform dependency, and financial sustainability. This study will be beneficial to academics, policymakers, and media practitioners seeking to address structural vulnerabilities, enhance journalistic credibility, and foster innovative revenue models amid ongoing media fragmentation and regulatory instability.
- [B115105021225](https://www.ijmcj.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b115105021225/): The main objective of this research paper is to acquire an efficient understanding of the meaning and significance of implementing effective communication processes. This is regarded as an integral part of individuals’ lives. Individuals from the early childhood stage throughout their lives need to communicate with family and community members. This is essential for augmenting information and understanding across various subjects and concepts. Furthermore, help is obtained from others in providing solutions to multiple types of problems. Individuals need to ensure that they form positive viewpoints regarding various factors and individuals. Furthermore, they need to treat each other with respect and courtesy. Additionally, cultivating traits of efficiency, honesty, and truthfulness will facilitate success in all types of tasks and activities. In personal life, as well as in the pursuit of educational programs and various employment settings, individuals are required to communicate effectively with others. As a consequence, they will contribute effectively to achieving success in their lives. Therefore, it is widely understood that implementing effective communication processes is crucial to the advancement of individuals. The primary concepts examined in this research paper are understanding the meaning and significance of implementing effective communication processes, the measures to be implemented, and the advantages of effective communication processes.
- [D113604040625](https://www.ijmcj.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/d113604040625/): This research explores the transformation of political campaigning in the Murshidabad district of West Bengal, India, from ideological canvassing to digitally driven and strategist-led electoral narratives. As a region steeped in political history, Murshidabad offers a unique lens through which to examine how political strategists and communication tools are redefining voter behaviour and public opinion. The study employs a qualitative case study approach, incorporating field interviews with voters, journalists, and campaign workers, as well as analyses of campaign materials, including WhatsApp forwards, pamphlets, and social media content. Two key electoral events—the 2016 Assembly Election in Dumkal and the 2021 Assembly Election in Raghunathganj—serve as the primary case studies. Findings reveal that modern election strategies in Murshidabad hinge on hyperlocal welfare narratives, digital outreach, micro-influencer engagement, and real-time feedback loops. These strategies have significantly influenced first-time and young voters, contributing to a shift in loyalties from traditional parties to those offering tangible developmental outcomes. The research highlights the evolving role of political strategists, shifting from background advisors to central architects of public opinion. This study was conducted to understand how grassroots political traditions are being transformed by strategic communication. It contributes to the literature on political communication in rural India and raises questions on the ethical use of data and digital tools in democratic processes.
- [B115005021225](https://www.ijmcj.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b115005021225/): From the stage of early childhood, throughout their lives, individuals need to understand that they cannot live their lives in seclusion and loneliness. Hence, it is of utmost significance for them to form an effective social circle, comprising family and community members. Apart from family, there are other individuals with whom one needs to communicate. For this purpose, individuals must implement effective communication processes. They need to treat each other with respect and courtesy, and provide factual information. Furthermore, there are certain instances that individuals experience, which can overwhelm them due to a communication gap. They either lack positive feelings or experience unpleasant situations with others. Hence, individuals must implement ways that facilitate promoting a typical mindset. In some cases, individuals do not feel comfortable communicating with others, and as a result, they become overwhelmed by the communication gap. However, when a communication gap arises in the personal and professional lives of individuals, they are unable to reinforce their connections with others effectively. When one has to deal with and work with others in professional settings, they need to emphasise overcoming the communication gap. In other words, it should prevent creating impediments during the implementation of tasks and activities. Therefore, it is well-understood that a communication gap impedes the formation of an effective social circle. The primary concepts examined in this research paper are understanding the meaning and significance of the communication gap, measures to be implemented for overcoming it, and the disadvantages associated with the communication gap.
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- [Volume-5 Issue-3, March 2026](https://www.ijmcj.latticescipub.com/portfolio_entries/volume-5-issue-3-march-2026/)
- [Volume-5 Issue-4, June 2026](https://www.ijmcj.latticescipub.com/portfolio_entries/volume-5-issue-4-june-2026/)
- [Volume-5, Issue-2, December 2025](https://www.ijmcj.latticescipub.com/portfolio_entries/volume-5-issue-2-december-2025/)