Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been touted as instrumental in addressing misunderstandings within organisations and as a key tool for building relationships. Various businesses invest more resources in CSR programmes for economic gain, including Kagera Sugar Limited (KSL). Precisely, this paper explored sugarcane growers’ perceptions of KSL’s CSR activities, with a specific focus on Missenyi district. The study was grounded in Stakeholder and Social Capital Theories, and its findings aligned with the theories, especially in clarifying the company’s responsibility to return something to the community it serves. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach to data collection, using surveys, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews. This resulted in a combination of qualitative and quantitative data from sugarcane growers across four Missenyi wards: Kassambya, Kyaka, Nsunga, and Mutukula. Also, the study used the same approach to collect data from 21 AMCOS members and 5 top management members. The findings revealed that although the company (KSL) has helped improve the economic and social lives of people in surrounding communities, it has failed to address environmental issues in the area fairly. Again, the other findings indicated that the inconsistency in ecological matters in Nsunga ward differed from what has been done in different places, where feedback was positive. This gap undermines the efforts CSR’s goodwill and trust are meant to foster in the community. However, many communities are pointing fingers at companies, urging them to rethink their business growth while truly addressing social, economic, and environmental sustainability strategies for the benefit of stakeholders. Therefore, the study concludes that the needs and interests of all stakeholders were not well considered. Thus, if KSL wants to gain stakeholders’ goodwill and trust, it needs to make its CSR activities clear.

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The study explored audience satisfaction with Radio Maria Tanzania’s broadcasts in Dar es Salaam, focusing on four types of satisfaction: content, process, technological, and social. The research was conducted to assess how effectively the station’s religious radio broadcasts meet audience needs. Uses and Gratifications Theory guides this assessment to determine whether these broadcasts fulfil the audience’s needs. The study aims to identify areas where audience expectations are not met, thereby filling gaps to improve radio performance and relevance. Although Radio Maria Tanzania emphasises its role of serving its audience, it was unclear to what extent its programs meet its audience’s needs. The study used a quantitative research design and collected data using a questionnaire distributed among radio audiences. Both probability (cluster) and non-probability (convenience and purposive) sampling techniques were used to select the study sample. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics to determine the audience’s levels of satisfaction. The study found that 48.5% of the audience was satisfied with the content of the radio broadcasts, 33.4% were dissatisfied, and 18.1% were neutral. Content satisfaction was reflected in the perceived quality, relevance, and spiritual value of programs; on process satisfaction, findings revealed that 44.9% were satisfied, 33.1% dissatisfied and 22% were neutral with the ease of access and participation; technological satisfaction which is confined within the availability of clear signal and ease access of the channel showed that 44% were satisfied, 41.5% dissatisfied and 14.5% were neutral. Social satisfaction, as measured by opportunities for interaction through call-ins and shared testimonies, indicated that 40.1% were satisfied, 37.6% were dissatisfied, and 22.3% were neutral. Therefore, the study concludes that, among the four types of satisfaction studied, there is an interrelationship among them, and all contribute to the audience’s expectations for spiritual satisfaction from Radio Maria Tanzania. The study recommends that religious radio integrate spiritually enriching content with accessible, interactive, and reliable delivery systems to enhance overall audience satisfaction. There is room for improvement in the technological experience to address issues of usability, signal quality, and digital reliability, which could help bridge the gap between satisfied and dissatisfied listeners. The study recommended that Radio Maria Tanzania revise and double-check its programs to assess the extent to which each program covers the audience’s needs. To improve satisfaction, the station could diversify programming, increase interactivity, and introduce youth-focused segments. To meet the audience’s needs and expectations, the radio station should capitalise on audience inclusion and involvement in the programs, and RMT should invest in seeking audience feedback to drive improvement.

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The crux of the Freedom of Information Act, enacted in Nigeria in 2011, is to promote transparency and openness in governance by granting citizens, including journalists, open access to public information and records. Journalists are required to utilise the Act to perform their duties. But a significant observation since the enactment of the Act in Nigeria is the vagueness of its values among Nigerians, including media men, which raises questions about the Act’s potency. Hence, this study assessed the knowledge, use, and challenges associated with the Freedom of Information Act among journalists in North-Central Nigeria, specifically in Benue, Nasarawa, and Plateau States. Guided by the libertarian theory of the press, the study employed a mixed-method approach, combining survey and in-depth interviews to gather data. The Findings of the study revealed that a good number of journalists across the three states under study are aware of the FOI Act and reasonably understand its provisions. Still, there is a generally low utilisation of the Act among them. It was also discovered that the majority of the journalists have never used the Act or invoked any of its provisions to seek information from a public institution. The low utilisation of the Act is attributed to difficulties in the application process, hectic bureaucratic and legal processes, safety concerns, and selfcensorship by some journalists. In conclusion, based on the study’s outcomes, the gap between the Act’s awareness and knowledge and its practical utilisation has affected the potency and effectiveness of the Act in Nigeria.

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Digital news consumption in India is growing rapidly, making the country one of the world’s largest online news markets. This research critically examines evolving patterns of digital news consumption in India, exploring how Indian audiences are adapting to the digital news environment, why these shifts are significant for the sustainability of journalism, and how India’s experience aligns with or diverges from global trends. The study employs a qualitative content analysis methodology, systematically interpreting secondary data derived from two recent, comprehensive survey-based reports on digital news: the ‘Monetizing Digital News: Digital News Publishing in India (2024)’ and the ‘Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2025’. Thematic coding and cross-comparative analysis reveal core behavioural trends among Indian audiences. These include a significant shift toward mobile-first engagement, substantial platform fragmentation, widespread adoption of short-form text and video formats, and continued trust in legacy media institutions. The study employs an analytical framework to gain a deeper understanding of both structural and behavioural changes. It organises findings by factors such as platform dependency, engagement formats, trust and credibility, consumption diversification, and how the industry generates revenue. When compared with global data, the research shows that Indian audiences are similar to international trends in their use of shortform content and influencer-driven consumption. However, they trust traditional media houses more than digital news aggregators. Focusing on India’s rapidly evolving digital news landscape, this study fills crucial knowledge gaps by examining how the large demographic scale, swift technological adoption, and convergence between traditional and new media platforms impact the sector. It highlights how audience behaviour and industry challenges influence trends in trust, platform dependency, and financial sustainability. This study will be beneficial to academics, policymakers, and media practitioners seeking to address structural vulnerabilities, enhance journalistic credibility, and foster innovative revenue models amid ongoing media fragmentation and regulatory instability.

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The main objective of this research paper is to acquire an efficient understanding of the meaning and significance of implementing effective communication processes. This is regarded as an integral part of individuals’ lives. Individuals from the early childhood stage throughout their lives need to communicate with family and community members. This is essential for augmenting information and understanding across various subjects and concepts. Furthermore, help is obtained from others in providing solutions to multiple types of problems. Individuals need to ensure that they form positive viewpoints regarding various factors and individuals. Furthermore, they need to treat each other with respect and courtesy. Additionally, cultivating traits of efficiency, honesty, and truthfulness will facilitate success in all types of tasks and activities. In personal life, as well as in the pursuit of educational programs and various employment settings, individuals are required to communicate effectively with others. As a consequence, they will contribute effectively to achieving success in their lives. Therefore, it is widely understood that implementing effective communication processes is crucial to the advancement of individuals. The primary concepts examined in this research paper are understanding the meaning and significance of implementing effective communication processes, the measures to be implemented, and the advantages of effective communication processes.

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This research explores the transformation of political campaigning in the Murshidabad district of West Bengal, India, from ideological canvassing to digitally driven and strategist-led electoral narratives. As a region steeped in political history, Murshidabad offers a unique lens through which to examine how political strategists and communication tools are redefining voter behaviour and public opinion. The study employs a qualitative case study approach, incorporating field interviews with voters, journalists, and campaign workers, as well as analyses of campaign materials, including WhatsApp forwards, pamphlets, and social media content. Two key electoral events—the 2016 Assembly Election in Dumkal and the 2021 Assembly Election in Raghunathganj—serve as the primary case studies. Findings reveal that modern election strategies in Murshidabad hinge on hyperlocal welfare narratives, digital outreach, micro-influencer engagement, and real-time feedback loops. These strategies have significantly influenced first-time and young voters, contributing to a shift in loyalties from traditional parties to those offering tangible developmental outcomes. The research highlights the evolving role of political strategists, shifting from background advisors to central architects of public opinion. This study was conducted to understand how grassroots political traditions are being transformed by strategic communication. It contributes to the literature on political communication in rural India and raises questions on the ethical use of data and digital tools in democratic processes.

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From the stage of early childhood, throughout their lives, individuals need to understand that they cannot live their lives in seclusion and loneliness. Hence, it is of utmost significance for them to form an effective social circle, comprising family and community members. Apart from family, there are other individuals with whom one needs to communicate. For this purpose, individuals must implement effective communication processes. They need to treat each other with respect and courtesy, and provide factual information. Furthermore, there are certain instances that individuals experience, which can overwhelm them due to a communication gap. They either lack positive feelings or experience unpleasant situations with others. Hence, individuals must implement ways that facilitate promoting a typical mindset. In some cases, individuals do not feel comfortable communicating with others, and as a result, they become overwhelmed by the communication gap. However, when a communication gap arises in the personal and professional lives of individuals, they are unable to reinforce their connections with others effectively. When one has to deal with and work with others in professional settings, they need to emphasise overcoming the communication gap. In other words, it should prevent creating impediments during the implementation of tasks and activities. Therefore, it is well-understood that a communication gap impedes the formation of an effective social circle. The primary concepts examined in this research paper are understanding the meaning and significance of the communication gap, measures to be implemented for overcoming it, and the disadvantages associated with the communication gap.

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